KAZIMIERZ FORTUNA

1. Name, surname, rank, age, occupation, and marital status:

Kazimierz Fortuna, 23 years old, electrical engineering student, bachelor.

2. Date and circumstances of the arrest:

11 February 1940 at the station in Białystok, by day.

3. Name of the camp, prison or place of forced labor:

Ural–Kizel coal mine.

4. Description of the camp, prison:

Mountainous area, forests. Wooden buildings. We lived in a barrack. Twenty people in one room.

5. Social composition of POWs, prisoners, deportees:

Poles, Jews, Ukrainians, Russians. Arrested as “dangerous elements.” The relations were not good.

6. Life in the camp, prison:

We worked in the mine for up to 10 hours. The conditions were tough. Piecework. The remuneration was not enough for us to survive on, and inadequate to the work performed. I received old clothes. No Polish press; propaganda literature and movies.

7. Attitude of the NKVD towards Poles:

The communist propaganda was very strongly developed. If anyone mentioned Poland, they mocked us and our government. They claimed that Poland had collapsed like a house of cards and would never rise again.

8. Medical assistance, hospitals, mortality:

There was a doctor, but we suffered because of the lack of medicines. There were cases of death.

9. Was it possible to keep in touch with the home country and your family?

I had no contact with the home country or my family.

10. When were you released and how did you join the army?

I was released at the end of August and I joined the army with the help of the military commissariat.